Studies aiming to improve and understand cadmium toxicity in plant metabolism have been done on hydroponic cultures due to their easiness and suitability.
Nevertheless, since most of this crop is usually grown in greenhouses, with the application of special substrates and fertilization practices including water reuse, it is associated with the risk of increasing heavy metals concentration. It is chosen as a monitoring tool for the evaluation of the environmental contamination of Ni and Cd especially that EPA and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development have recommended this crop a key specie. In this perspective, Lactuca sativa species has been designated for studying the impact of diets based on food crops cultivated on cadmium contaminated soils on human health. This crop is known for its comparatively high accumulation of cadmium in leaves. In 2010, the world production of lettuce was approximately 24 million metric tons, with a cultivation area of 1 million hectares. It is rich mainly in vitamins A and C and minerals such as iron and phosphorus. Īmong cultivated plant species, Lactuca sativa (lettuce) is a worldwide important crop and one of the most consumed leafy vegetables in the human dietary. It is readily absorbed by plant roots which are at the base of the food chain where it becomes very toxic to both plants and animals. It can suppress iron uptake by plants, induces P deficiency and reduces manganese transport to the plant. Cadmium has been shown to interfere with uptake, transport, and use of several nutrient elements and water by plants. It strongly reduces biomass production and even conducts to integral plant death.
Most general symptoms of Cd toxicity in plants are stunted growth, chlorosis, necrotic lesions, wilting and disturbances in mineral nutrition and carbohydrate metabolism. It is considered as a potentially phytotoxic element due to its high toxicity and solubility in water. Accumulation is due to agricultural practices such as the application of phosphate fertilizers, use of wastewater for irrigation, and application of biosolids and composts from urban wastes. The increase of performance of Lactuca sativa under hydroponic condition and Hoagland contaminated solution with cadmium was found to be better than the ones grown in Cd amended soil with or without phosphorus.Ĭadmium, Fertilizers, Hydroponic, Lactuca sativa, PhosphorusĬadmium (Cd) naturally occurs at trace levels in the environment but tends to accumulate abundantly in soils. Cadmium was found to be accumulated in roots while zinc was preferably accumulated in the leaves and stems. The study showed a positive effect of phosphorus on root elongation, surface area while cadmium inhibited plant growth and sometimes the death of the plants. This solution was submitted to five Cd concentrations, 0, 0.093, 0.186, 0.279 and 0.372 mg Cd/L and three P concentrations, 0, 2 mg P/L. In parallel, Lactuca sativa was allowed to grow under hydroponic conditions with modifications of the Hoagland nutrient solution. The effects of this metal on morphological and physiological changes of Lactuca sativa were studied in addition to its partitioning in different parts of the crop. Received 7 October 2015 accepted 28 November 2015 published 3 December 2015Ĭadmium (Cd), one of the most toxic heavy metals added to soil after phosphate fertilizer treat-ment, was investigated.
#XLSTAT 2014.5.03 OLDER VERSION LICENSE#
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). 1Platform for Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (EDST), Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Hadat, LebanonĢGeosciences Environment Toulouse, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, FranceģLebanses Agriculture Research Institute, Fanar, LebanonĬopyright © 2015 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
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